Hozirgi vaqtda Evropa fotovoltaik ishlab chiqarish sanoati yoshartirish yo'lida. Jon Lindahl,-Yevropa quyosh energiyasi ishlab chiqarish kengashining Bosh kotibi Yevropa fotoelektr ishlab chiqaruvchilari duch keladigan qiyinchiliklar va imkoniyatlarni tahlil qildi va 2030-yilgacha 100 GVt quvvatga ega toʻliq fotovoltaik sanoat zanjiri uchun qanday maqsadlar toʻplamini shakllantirishni oʻrgandi. .
In 2021, Meyer Burger's 400MW solar module line was officially launched. By 2022, its battery line will expand to 1.4GW, and its module line will expand to 1GW. The final annual production target is 5GW.
While Europe remains one of the world's largest PV installation markets, its once-booming PV manufacturing industry was stalled about a decade ago by rapidly rising Asian rivals.
In 2021, the EU reached an agreement on climate targets to cut net carbon emissions by 55 percent by 2030. At the same time, with the continuous improvement of the level of solar energy utilization and the increasingly prominent issue of sustainable development, in the past few years, the call for reviving the EU's photovoltaic manufacturing capacity has become more and more loud. Perhaps, 2022 will give the answer.
In April last year, the European Solar Manufacturing Council (ESMC) said that at least 75 percent of Europe's PV demand should be produced in Europe. However, according to data released by the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE) in its 2021 Photovoltaic Report, although European polysilicon production capacity is 22.1GW in 2020, solar wafer production capacity is only 1.25GW, and solar cell production capacity is only 1.25GW. It is 650MW, and the solar module capacity is 6.75GW. Therefore, there is still a long way to go to realize the revival of the EU photovoltaic manufacturing industry.
Quyida Yevropa quyosh energiyasi ishlab chiqarish kengashi ESMC bosh kotibi Yoxan Lindal tomonidan Yevropada PV rivojlanishining hozirgi holati, PV ishlab chiqaruvchilar duch kelayotgan muammolar va imkoniyatlar hamda GW{0}}miqyosdagi quvvatga erishish rejalari haqida tahlili berilgan.
1. Qiyinchilik:
1) China's intangible and extensive grants, loans, credits and tax support;
2) AQSh va Hindistonning ochiq va keng ko'lamli grant yordami;
3) Evropa Ittifoqining fotovoltaik innovatsion texnologiyasini mahalliy bozorda qo'llash cheklangan va intellektual mulk huquqlari va patentlar Evropa Ittifoqi tashqi bozorida tegishli tarzda himoyalanmagan;
4) Evropa fotovoltaik ishlab chiqarish va mehnat standartlari qat'iy, ammo Evropa Ittifoqi tashqi bozorida tegishli standart yo'q;
5) Potensial yuqoriroq PV moduli narxlari va ta'minot zanjiri muammolari tizimli muammodir.
2. Imkoniyatlar:
1) European PV industry production becomes cost-competitive. The price difference between European and Asian products has narrowed due to the current significant increase in production and shipping costs and delivery times for Asian products. For European PV manufacturing to be price-competitive, two conditions must exist, namely GW-scale manufacturing capacity; and a complete European manufacturing value chain. The EU needs to keep the value chain intact to meet at least part of our needs that don't need to be imported, despite the fact that imports are of course still an important factor.
2) Evropa hali ham PV texnologiyasi innovatsiyasida yetakchilik qilmoqda, ammo sanoat ishlab chiqarish bazasi hali ham mavjud bo'lsa. An'anaviy quyosh batareyasining alyuminiy orqa yuzasi texnologiyasi (Al BSF) 18-22 foiz konversiya samaradorligiga ega va hozirda PERC texnologiyasi va uning evolyutsiya texnologiyasi bilan almashtirilmoqda, bu esa quyosh xujayrasi samaradorligini 20{{6} darajaga yetkazish imkonini beradi. }24 foiz, ishlab chiqarish liniyasini yangilash esa o'rtacha xarajat. Heterojunction (HJT) yoki TOPCon texnologiyasi asosida yuqori{7}}samarali fotovoltaik hujayralarning uchinchi avlodi 23-26 foiz samaradorlikka erishadi. Hozirgi vaqtda uning ishlab chiqarish qiymati PERC xujayralari bilan bir xil, ikkalasi ham 20-30 tsent / Vt. Yuqori samaradorlikdagi akkumulyatorlar yuqori komponentlar narxlarida ham raqobatbardosh yoki hatto arzonroq elektr energiyasi ishlab chiqarishga imkon beradi. Kelajakda 30 foizdan ortiq samaradorlikka ega perovskit-kremniy tandem hujayralari kabi qo'shimcha texnologik yaxshilanishlar bo'lishi mumkin. Ushbu texnologik yutuqlar hali ham Evropada etakchi bo'lib, teravatt miqyosli PV ning global tarqalishiga yo'l ochib beradi.
3) Yevropada qayta tiklanadigan energetikaning uzoq{1}}muddatli rivojlanish siyosati asoslari yaratildi. Yevropa yashil kelishuvi va innovatsiyalar to‘lqini investorlar va ishlab chiquvchilar uchun ishonchni mustahkamladi.
4) The emergence of sustainable, carbon-neutral eco-design concepts and specific standards under consideration, including recently announced measures to address distortions in foreign subsidies in the EU market, are the driving force behind the EU's transition to a green and innovative energy system and economy. Growing customer concerns about carbon footprints will have a structural impact on PV manufacturing. Compared to current Asian products, using PV modules produced in Europe reduces carbon consumption, avoids long-distance transportation, and better eco-design parameters. The importance of this aspect will increase over the next few years.
5) Fotovoltaik kontseptsiyalarni integratsiyalashgan tizimlarga o'z ichiga olgan yangi joylashtirish usullari Evropa fotovoltaik ishlab chiqarishiga potentsial raqobatdosh ustunlikni amalga oshirishga imkon beradi. Turli sohalarda turli innovatsion yechimlar ishlab chiqilmoqda va tez rivojlanmoqda, jumladan Building plus Fotovoltaik (BIPV), Vehicle plus Photovoltaic (VIPV), Floating Body plus Photovoltaic (FPV) va Agriculture plus Photovoltaic (APV). Evropa PV ishlab chiqaruvchilari muayyan Evropa va mahalliy ehtiyojlardan foydalanishlari mumkin, chunki integratsiyalashgan tizimlar ko'proq individuallashtirilgan echimlarni talab qiladi.
3. 2020 yilda sanoat zanjirining har bir bo'g'inida Evropa fotoelektr sanoatining global ishlab chiqarish quvvatining ulushi quyidagicha:
1. Global PV kremniy ishlab chiqarishning 11 foizi: 22,1 GVt quvvat (Elkem va Wacker)
2. Global PV kremniyli quyosh gofreti ishlab chiqarishning 1 foizi: 1,25 GVt quvvat (Norsun, Norwegian Crystals va EDF Photowatt)
3. Global fotovoltaik kremniy hujayra ishlab chiqarishning 0,4 foizi: 0, 65 GVt quvvat (Solitek/Valoe, Enel, Ecosolifer)
4. Global modul ishlab chiqarishning 3 foizi: 6,75 GVt quvvat (29 xil kompaniya)
5. Inverter chiqishining 25 foizi.
In the above scenario, Europe's installed PV capacity in 2020 accounts for 15 percent of the global total. Therefore, if Europe wants to become self-reliant, it needs to step up the production of wafers, cells and modules.
Currently, Europe has a very negative trade deficit in photovoltaic cells and modules. The table below shows the total value of import and export trade of photosensitive semiconductor devices (including photovoltaic cells assembled into modules or panels) and light-emitting diodes in Europe.
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